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58 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT - ĐẠI HỌC ĐÀ NẴNG

RESEARCH ON IMPROVING

THE CRANKSHAFT CONNECTING

ROD PISTON SYSTEM OF ENGINES

USING RENEWABLE GAS FUEL NH3

Bui Van Hung*, Ho Tran Ngoc Anh, Ha Anh Vu, Le Viet Viet, Tran Anh Khoa, Tran Viet Thang,
Nguyen Duc Tuan Anh, Mai Duc Hung, Pham Viet Anh Dien
University of Technology and Education, the University of Da Nang
* Corresponding author: Bui Van Hung (email: bvhung@ute.udn.vn)

Abstract: Ammonia (NH3) is a potential renewable fuel, loads and high pressures during engine operation need to be
and using NH3 in engines helps reduce greenhouse gas modified to accommodate the new fuel. To achieve the
emissions and environmental pollution due to its carbon-free improvement goals, techniques for thermal analysis, stress
chemical composition compared to traditional fossil fuels. analysis, safety factor assessment, and displacement
However, NH3 is a low-energy fuel, with a heat value of simulation are applied to evaluate the impact of using NH3
approximately 18 MJ/kg, which is less than half that of on the technical parameters and durability of these
gasoline at 44 MJ/kg. Therefore, using NH3 as a fuel requires components.
adjustments and improvements in engine design to ensure Keywords: NH3; alternative fuels; crankshaft-
operational efficiency and durability. The piston, connecting connecting rod-piston.
rod, and crankshaft system components that endure heavy

1. INTRODUCTION ensure safety, and comply with regulatory standards [4].
Several review articles have been published on the
Today, the majority of primary energy sources still
rely heavily on fossil fuels [1]. However, these energy production and application of ammonia as a fuel, such
sources are gradually depleting, and their emissions are as ammonia-fueled engines [5], ammonia as a fuel for
causing significant impacts on the global environment. power generation [6], and the potential of ammonia
Developed countries are actively researching and from production to economics [7], as well as reviews
developing new energy sources, as well as on ammonia as a fuel mixed with hydrogen and
implementing optimal methods to utilize and recycle methane [8].
energy. These efforts aim to ensure energy supply Internal combustion engines are designed to operate
stability while minimizing negative environmental on traditional petroleum-based fuels. Therefore, to
impacts. harness NH3 as an energy source, engine systems must
Vietnam has an advantage with NH3 energy sources, be improved, particularly by recalculating and
also known as ammonia [2]. The country can exploit redesigning the piston-connecting rod-crankshaft
the potential of NH3 through production processes system to enhance combustion efficiency and increase
using natural raw materials, as well as industrial engine performance.
production methods. NH3 is a potential renewable In the development and optimization of engines
energy source, promising to reduce dependency on using NH3 as fuel, increasing the compression ratio
fossil fuels and mitigate environmental impacts. faces certain significant challenges. For gasoline
Vietnam has the capacity to harness and develop the use engines, the compression ratio is typically limited by
of NH3 as a key means of ensuring energy supply and the octane rating of gasoline. This limitation restricts
environmental protection. Fuel for internal combustion the potential for increasing the compression ratio to
engines (ICE), as well as other combustion systems, improve engine efficiency. Additionally, the load-
can be derived from ammonia. Common engines bearing capacity of engine components must be
include compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition considered when increasing the compression ratio to
(SI) engines [3]. Ammonia's application in ICEs is of ensure the system's safety and stability. Gasoline has a
great interest to researchers and industry professionals. lower anti-knock index compared to NH 3. NH3 anti-
However, the practical application of ammonia-fueled knock index exceeds 130, which is advantageous for
internal combustion engines is still limited. Therefore, improving the engine's compression ratio.
efforts must be made to develop and modify ICEs to However, a major drawback of using NH 3 in SI
enhance overall performance, improve efficiency, engines is its poor combustibility and slow flame

ISBN: 978-604-80-9779-0