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84 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT - ĐẠI HỌC ĐÀ NẴNG

than 5 million VND (2.2) per month on their A preliminary analysis of the data indicates that
living cost. the rider license as well as the part-time job do not
Table 2 illustrates the distribution of transport influence the choice of transportation.
modes and the average travel times as wel as the Among students with a commute distance of less
average travel distance of students. Motorbikes, being than 2km, 25.2% chose walking, 4.3% utilize
a common mode of transportation in developing bicycles, and 1.4% utilize buses. Interestingly, there
countries, come as no surprise in becoming the most are still students (8.6%) who use motorcycles for this
popular means of commuting with 64.0%. 25.7% of short-distance commute. This figure underscores the
students walk to school, and approximately 5.5% use reliance on motorcycles among university students in
bicycles. In terms of public transportation, buses developing countries. For longer journeys (over
remain the predominant mode of transport in Danang. The research results also indicate the reason why
However, only 4.8% of students utilize buses to students do not use the existing bus system in
commute to school. The average walking time for Danang. Over 40% of students stated that the main
students is approximately 5.2 minutes with an average reason is that the walking distance to bus stops is too
distance of 0.57 kilometers. It is followed by bicycle far. The second and third reasons are related to
time (approximately 18.6 minutes) and motorcycle waiting time and time spent on the bus, accounting for
time (approximately 14.6 minutes), with corresponding approximately 31%, respectively. In reality, the
average distances of 1.5km and 6.6km, respectively. Danang bus system is quite limited in terms of the
Table 3 presents statistical data describing the number of bus routes (12 lines) as well as the number
rates of students using modes of walking, bicycle, of buses, and the frequency of their operation.
motorbike, and bus. In terms of transportation Therefore, a significant proportion of students cannot
choices, motorbikes are favoured more by males access this system for their daily commuting
(59.7%), whereas females chose walking and cycling purposes.
(17.2%). In this research sample, the majority of first- When asked about their intention to switch from
year students commute to school by walking, cycling, their current mode of transportation to a more
and taking the bus to school, with only 5.5% using reliable, comfortable, and accessible bus system, over
motorbikes. When students transition to the next 30% of the students expressed willingness. Within
academic years, their preference for non-motorized this percentage, notably, those who use motorcycles
modes of transportation tends to decrease and shift accounted for approximately 25.2%. The remaining
towards using motorcycles. Among 33.1% of third- students stated that they had no intention to switch to
year students, 25.9% use motorcycles. the new bus system due to their short commuting
Approximately 65% of the students commuting by distances.
motorbike either rent accommodation or live with B. Mode choice model development
their families, with only about 18.5% of them
choosing to walk to school. The students residing in In this subsection, travel mode choice of
the dormitories prefer to walk to school despite some university students are modeled, in which each
of them owning driver's licenses and owning student maximizes their utility. MNL model, where a
motorbikes, mainly due to the short and convenient transport choice model is developed which combines
distance to the campus. Compared to previous studies the characteristics of students. In this model, the
(Nguyen-Phuoc et al., 2018), the rate of students motorcycle was utilized as the dependent variable's
using motorcycles remains consistent across academic reference category.
years and motorcycles remain the primary means of The model consists of two categories of
transportation used to get to school. independent variables: (1) individual specific
Regarding driver's licenses and vehicle ownership, variables such as School location, Gender, Year of
more than 60% of students possess motorcycles and students, Living status, Rider license, Motorcycle
motorcycle licenses. they were used as their primary ownership, Bicycle ownership, Part-time job, Living
mode of transportation to school. Only a minority of cost and (2) alternative specific variable such as
students walk, bike, or take the bus due to their average travel time, average travel distance and
inability to utilize motorcycles. Similarly, students travel cost.
with their own bicycles tend to use them for Before adding variables to the model for analysis,
commuting to university more frequently than those we conducted an assessment of the significance of the
who do not own bicycles. relationship between the 'Modechoice' variable and
the independent categorical variables. During the
preprocessing stage, we transformed the 'Dis' variable
into 'DisTrans' and the 'Cost' variable into 'CostTrans'.
ISBN: 978-604-80-9122-4